EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF ZINC, LEAD, AND COPPER CONTAINING BY-PRODUCTS

Abstract

The importance of metal by-products and residues for the sake of metal supply is discussed. Some of the residues are already recycled, however, the worldwide recycling rates are still below 50% because of a lack of optimized processes, as well as missing information and data about the materials. The assessment of metal-bearing by-products and economic considerations are of high importance to allow an efficient utilization of these secondary resources in future.