Influence of injection rate on wormhole morphology in matrix acidizing using carbonic acid

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Abstract

This study examines the effect of varying injection rates on wormhole formation during matrix acidizing using a carbonic acid solution (30% CO₂ + 70% deionized water). Injection rates of 0.2, 0.5, and 1 cm³/min were tested, and the resulting wormhole structures were visualized using CT scanning. Results show that lower injection rates produce single, more efficient wormholes with minimal branching, while higher rates generate more branched, less efficient structures. Optimizing the injection rate is key to achieving effective wormhole formation, which can enhance flow in carbonate reservoirs.