BARRIERS TO IMPOSING CRIMINAL LIABILITY ON LEGAL ENTITIES: INSIGHTS FROM IRANIAN LAWS

Authors

  • Zahra Delshad PhD student University of Miskolc Faculty of Law Department of Criminal Law

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32978/sjp.2024.019

Keywords:

criminal liability, legal entities, corporate criminal liability, criminal law of Iran, legal punishment

Abstract

In this study, the reasons for not accepting the criminal responsibility of legal entities have been investigated. These reasons that have complicated the possibility of accepting and implementing the criminal liability of legal entities include the lack of will of legal entities, the violation of the principle of the individualization of punishments, the impossibility of achieving the goals of punishments, the impossibility of committing a crime by a legal entity, the impossibility of applying many types of punishments on legal entities and the impossibility of summoning and arresting a legal entity.

References

R. E. BARKOW: Separation of powers and the criminal law. Stan. L. Rev. 58 (2005), 89–1054.

S. W. BUELL: Capital Offenses: Business Crime and Punishment in America’s Corporate Age. WW Norton & Company, 2016.

D. R. CRESSEY: The poverty of theory in corporate crime research. In: Advances in criminological theory. Routledge, 2017.

M. CLINARD – P. YEAGER: Corporate crime. Vol. 1. Transaction Publishers, 2011.

P. A. FRENCH: The Corporation as Moral Person. In: Group Rights. Routledge, 2022.

S. I. GHODSI – M. S. FARAYPOOR: A note on criminal liability of legal entities in Iranian law. Researchers World 8 (3), 2017,

K. GREENFIELD: New principles for corporate law. Hastings Bus. LJ 1, 2005, 87–118.

H. HAFRIDA – R. KUSNIATI – Y. MONITA: Imprisonment as a Criminal Sanction against Corporations in Forestry Crimes: How Is It Possible? Hasanuddin Law Review 8 (2), 2022, 160–170.

M. HAJIDEHABADI – E. SALIMI: Fundamentals, principle and practice of purposeful penalization model. Journal of Criminal Law Research 8 (29), 2020, 101–134.

J. M. KARPOFF – D. S. LEE – G. S. MARTIN: The consequences to managers for financial misrepresentation. Journal of Financial Economics 88 (2), 2008, 193–215.

L. LEVOYER: French Law and whistleblowers. Law & Justice Review 11 (20), 2020, 151–161.

L. LINDKVIST – S. LLEWELLYN: Accountability, responsibility and organization. Scandinavian Journal of Management 19 (2), 2003, 251–273.

M. MORADI – A. SADEGHI – E. HADITABAR: Comparative study of criminal liability of legal entities in Iran and the Council of Europe. Journal of Comparative Law 5 (1), 2021, 151–172.

S. D. MOUSAVIMOJAB – A. RAFIEZADE: Sanctions on Legal Entities for Offenses in Islamic Penal Code Act 2012. The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views 20 (69), 2023, 185–206.

R. PATERNOSTER – S. SIMPSON: A rational choice theory of corporate crime. In: Routine activity and rational choice. Routledge, 2017.

M. K. RAMIREZ: The science fiction of corporate criminal liability: Containing the machine through the corporate death penalty. Ariz. L. Rev. 2005, 933–1002.

S. REZVANI – A. MAHDAVIPOOR – E. KHORRAMI ERAGHI: Comprative Study of suspicion (eliminated the penalty) and its functional implications in criminal jurisprudence. Journal of Criminal Law Research 9 (32), 2020, 67–101.

J. SALEHI: Criticism of the Victim’s Protection Order in European Criminal Law. Journal of Criminal Law Research 9 (32), 2020, 9–40.

M. SHARIFI: Criminal Liability of Corporations under Specific Situations (Before Registration, during Settlement and after Merger). Journal of Criminal Law Research 6 (20), 2017, 141–172.

M. SHARIFI: Contemplation on Criminal Liability Models of Legal Persons. Journal of Legal Studies 11 (1), 2019, 95–129.

S. SOLTANI – A. RAMAZANI: Criminal Liability and Crime and Punishment Proportionality in the Crime of Legal Entities. J. Pol. & L. 9, 2016, 61–67.

B. STEPHENS: The amorality of profit: Transnational corporations and human rights. In: Human rights and corporations. Routledge, 2017.

H. TAGHIZADE – A. CHEKANDI NEJAD – S. H. HASNEMI: Conditions and scope of criminal liability of public law entities in the legal systems of Iran and France. The Journal of Modern Research on Administrative Law 5 (17), 2023, 189–217.

S. TOMBS – D. WHYTE: The corporate criminal: Why corporations must be abolished. Routledge, 2015.

G. VERMEULEN – W. DE BONDT, C. RYCKMAN: Liability of legal persons for offences in the EU. Vol. 44. Maklu, 2012.

R. A. WASSERSTROM: Strict liability in the criminal law. In: The Structure and Limits of Criminal Law. Routledge, 2017.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-06

How to Cite

Delshad, Z. (2024). BARRIERS TO IMPOSING CRIMINAL LIABILITY ON LEGAL ENTITIES: INSIGHTS FROM IRANIAN LAWS. Publicationes Universitatis Miskolcinensis Sectio Juridica Et Politica, 42(2.), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.32978/sjp.2024.019

Issue

Section

STUDIES IN THE FIELD OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE