Examining the issues of legal personhood of Artificial Intelligence and robots
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32978/sjp.2020.026Keywords:
artificial intelligence, robots, legal personhood, transhumanismAbstract
The possibility of giving legal personhood to artificial intelligence (hereinafter: AI) and advanced, smart robots incurred both in literature and international documents about the legislation of technology. The aim of our study is the examination of the legal entity having regard to AI and advanced robots. After describing the conceptual basis, we present the most important viewpoints and best-known theories according to this specific legal entity. Moreover, we study the topic of the legal entity – in the context of civil law – in general. Lastly, we intend to mention the issue of transhumanism.
References
Atabek ATABEKOV – Oleg YASTREBOV: Legal Status of Artificial Intelligence Across Countries. Legislation on the Move. European Research Studies Journal Volume XXI, Issue 4, 2018, 773–782.
Woodrow BARFIELD: Cyber-Humans. Our Future with Machines. Springer, Switzerland, 2015.
BARZÓ Tímea: Az ember, mint jogalany. In: Civilisztika I. Általános tanok – Személyek joga – Szellemi alkotások joga (szerk.: Barzó Tímea – Papp Tekla), Dialóg Campus Kiadó, Budapest, 2018, 103–170.
Nick BOSTROM: Szuperintelligencia. Ad Astra Kiadó, Budapest, 2015.
Nick BOSTROM: Transhumanist Values. In: Ethical Issues for the 21st Century. (Ed. Frederick Adams), Philosophical Documentation Center Press, 2003, 3–14.
Joanna J. BRYSON: Robots Should Be Slaves. in: Close engagements with artificial companions. Key social, psychological, ethical and design issues (ed.: Yorick Wilks), John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 2010, 63–74.
Thomas BURRI: Free movement of algorithms: artificially intelligent persons conquer European Union’ internal market. In: Research Handbook on the Law of Artificial Intelligence (eds.: Woodrow Barfield – Ugo Pagallo), Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, 2018, 537–559.
EÖRSI Gyula – VILÁGHY Miklós: Magyar polgári jog. (I. kötet) Az általános rész és a tulajdonjog. (Ideiglenes tankönyv) Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest, 1973.
FIALA-BUTORA János: A cselekvőképesség szabályozásának eltérő megközelítései az új Ptk. vitája során. In: Az új Polgári Törvénykönyv első öt éve (szerk: Gárdos-Orosz Fruzsina – Menyhárd Attila), Társadalomtudományi Kutatóközpont Jogtudományi Intézet, Budapest, 2019, 57–68.
Julian HUXLEY: Transhumanism. In: New Bottles for New Wine. London, Chatto & Windus, 1957, 13–17.
L. Tyler JAYNES: Legal personhood for artificial intelligence: citizenship as the exception to the rule. AI & Society 2019 June.
Ágnes JUHÁSZ – Réka PUSZTAHELYI: Legal Questions on the Appearance of Self-driving Cars in the Road Traffic with Special Regard on the Civil Law Liability. European Integration Studies 12/1., 2016, 10–28.
Ágnes JUHÁSZ: The regulatory framework and models of self-driving cars. Zbornik Radova Pravni Fakultet (Novi Sad) 2018/3., 1371–1389.
Ágnes JUHÁSZ: Transition of the driver’s rights and duties in light of the automation of vehicles. In: Law, Commerce, Economy IX. Collection of Papers presented at an international scientific symposium LAW – COMMERCE – ECONOMY held from 23rd–25th of October 2019 in High Tatras Košice, Slovakia (eds. Suchoza, Jozef; Husár, Ján; Hucková, Reginá), Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, 2019, 393–404.
KLEIN Tamás: Robotjog. In: Technológiai jog – Robotjog – Cyberjog (szerk.: Klein Tamás – Tóth András), Wolters Kluwer Hungary Kft., Budapest, 2018, 179–215.
KOLOSVÁRY Bálint: A magyar magánjog tankönyve. Politzer-féle Könyvkiadó Vállalat, Budapest, 19072.
Bert-Jaap KOOPS – Mireille HILDEBRANDT – David-Olivier JAQUETCHIFFELLE: Bridging the Accountability Gap. Rights for New Entities in the Information Society? Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology Vol. 11, No. 2, 2010, 497–561.
MOÓR Gyula: A jogi személyek elmélete. MTA Jogtudományi Bizottság kiadványai 2, Budapest, 1931.
NAGY Teodóra: A jövő kihívásai: robotok és mesterséges intelligencia az alapjogi jogalanyiság tükrében. MTA Law Working Papers 2020/6., 1–23.
Giang NGUYEN – Stefan DLUGOLINSKY – Martin BOBÁK – Viet TRAN – Álvaro GARCÍA LÓPEZ – Ignacio HEREDIA – Peter MALÍK – Ladislav HLUCHÝIN: Machine Learning and Deep Learning frameworks and libraries for large-scale data mining: a survey. Artificial Intelligence Review 52, January 2019, 77–124.
Ugo PAGALLO: The Laws of Robots. Crimes, Contracts and Torts. Springer, Netherlands, 2013.
Ugo PAGALLO: Vital, Sophia, and Co. The Quest for the Legal Personhood of Robots. Information, 9, 230, 2018, 1–11.
Stephen PETERSEN: Designing People to Serve. In: Robot Ethics. The Ethical and Social Implications of Robotics. (Eds. Patric Lin – George Bekey – Keith Abney), MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts–London, England, 2011, 283–298.
PUSZTAHELYI Réka: Bizalmunkra méltó MI. A mesterséges intelligencia fejlesztésének és alkalmazásának erkölcsi-etikai vonatkozásairól. Publicationes Universitatis Miskolcinensis, Sectio Juridica et Politica XXXVII/2, 2019/2., 97–120.
Réka PUSZTAHELYI: Liability for intelligent robots from the viewpoint of the strict liability rule of the Hungarian Civil Code. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Legal Studies 2019/2., 213–230.
Réka PUSZTAHELYI: Recent EU legislation relating to drones in the light of right to privacy. In: MultiScience XXXIII. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference (ed.: Tamás Kékesi), Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Miskolc, 2019, 1–9.
Réka PUSZTAHELYI: Reflections on civil liability for damages caused by unmanned aircrafts, Zbornik Radova Pravni Fakultet (Novi Sad) 2019/1., 311–326.
Réka PUSZTAHELYI: Strict liability implications of autonomous vehicles with a special view to programming choices in: Law, Commerce, Economy IX. Collection of Papers presented at an international scientific symposium LAW – COMMERCE – ECONOMY held from 23rd–25th of October 2019 in High Tatras Košice, Slovakia (eds. Jozef Suchoza – Ján Husár – Reginá Hucková), Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, 2019, 468–478.
PUSZTAHELYI Réka: A veszélyes üzemi felelősség szabályozási környezete. Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem, Budapest, 2019.
Ioannis REVOLIDIS – Alan DAHI: The Peculiar Case of the Mushroom Picking Robot: Extra-contractual Liability in: Robotics, AI and the Future of Law (eds. Marcelo Corrales Compagnucci – Mark Fenwick – Nikolau Forgó), Springer Nature Singapore Pte. Ltd., Singapore, 2018, 59–79.
Jan-Erik SCHIRMER: Artificial Intelligence and Legal Personality: Introducing “Teilrechtsfähigkeit”: A Partial Legal Status Made in Germany. In: Regulating Artificial Intelligence. (Eds. Thomas Wischmeyer – Timo Rademacher), Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2020, 124–142.
Lawrence B. SOLUM: Legal Personhood for Artificial Intelligences. North Carolina Law Review Vol. 70, Issue 4 (1992), 1231–1287.
Gunther TEUBNER: Digitale Rechtssubjekte? Zum privatrechtlichen Status autonomer Softwareagenten. Digital Personhood? The Status of Autonomous Software Agents in Private Law. (Translated by: Jacob Watson), Ancilla Iuris 2018, 35–78.
Jacob TURNER: Robot Rules. Regulating Artificial Intelligence. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2018.
Natasha VITA-MORE: History of Transhumanism. In: The Transhumanism Handbook. (Ed. Lee Newton), Springer Nature, Switzerland, 2019, 49–61.
Leon E. WEIN: The Responsibility of Intelligent Artifacts. Toward an Automation Jurisprudence. Harvard Journal of Law & Technology Volume 6, Fall 1992, 103–154.
ZŐDI Zsolt: Platformok, robotok és a jog. Új szabályozási kihívások az információs társadalomban. Gondolat Kiadó, Budapest, 2018.
