Socioeconomic determinants and spatial patterns of poverty in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Hungary

Absztrakt

This paper examines the main characteristics of people living in income poverty in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, one of Hungary’s most disadvantaged regions. Utilizing a questionnaire-based survey conducted between November 2024 and February 2025, the study analyzes the relationship between poverty status and key sociodemographic variables, including education, ethnicity, household size, settlement type, and distance from the county seat. Results indicate that lower educational attainment and Roma ethnicity are significantly associated with higher poverty rates, while rural residence and greater distance from the county seat also increase vulnerability to poverty. In contrast, household size does not show a statistically significant effect. The findings highlight persistent spatial and social inequalities in the region, emphasizing the need for targeted policy interventions focusing on education, ethnic integration, and regional development.