Suitability of carbon steels for the storage and transportation of hydrogen-containing media

Abstract

The application of hydrogen and natural gas–hydrogen blends is a subject of extensive research efforts. As most existing natural gas transmission pipelines are made of carbon steel, it is essential to assess how hydrogen affects the mechanical properties of these materials. This paper provides an overview of Hungarian and international literature, recommendations, laboratory studies, and fracture mechanics test results related to hydrogen-induced embrittlement, changes in strength and ductility, as well as challenges associated with welded joints. The expected risks at various H₂–natural gas blending ratios, the applicable steel grades, and the advantages of carbon steels specifically developed for hydrogen service are also summarized.