Investigation of amine based carbon-dioxide and hydrogen-sulphide separation technologies for biogases

Abstract

Biogas has been used since the beginning of the 19th century, which is a gaseous material formed during the anaerobic fermentation of organic substance. It is extremely versatile in its use, it is mostly used to produce heat and electricity, but it can also be used as a motor fuel. To produce these gases we can use organic materials and wastes from agriculture, food industry and communal sector. When the produced biogas is utilized, less CO₂ is released into the environment than with other primary energy sources, it has zero emissions for the whole “carbon cycle” and can therefore be considered positive. The calorific value of biogas is much lower than in the case of natural gas, however, we can increase the energy content by compression and decarbonisation, which can even produce a biomethane which can be equivalent to natural gas. Depending on the feedstock, the methane content of the biogas can change over a very wide range, and the gas mixture can also contain other gases and water vapor. Thus, in order to improve these parameters, undesirable components must be removed from the gas. Several methods can be used to remove unwanted components of the biogas, however, this study focuses exclusively on amino purification technology.