Child marriages - yesterday, today, tomorrow?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46941/2023.e1.6Keywords:
marriageable age, early marriage, education, health, poverty.Abstract
Child marriage is a formal or informal union involving a child or person under the age of 18. It is currently associated with violations of human rights, particularly the rights of children. The consequences of child marriage are long-term and relate to gender equality, health, and education, among others. Therefore, efforts are being made in national and international jurisdictions to eliminate harmful (traditional) practices. While individual countries have raised the marriageable age to 18, many still allow exceptions. Slovenia is one such example. In this article, the author analyzes the approach to the abolition of child marriage at the international and comparative law levels and is particularly critical of the current Slovenian regime.
References
Ahmed, T. (2015) ‘Child Marriage: A Discussion Paper’, Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics, 6(2), pp. 8-14; https://doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v6i2.25740.
Aleksić, M. (2015) Dečji brakovi u Srbiji: analiza stanja i preporuke (Beograd: Fondacija Ana i Vlade Divac) [Online]. Available at: http://atina.org.rs/sites/default/files/1Deciji%20brakovi%20u%20Srbiji.pdf (Accessed: 9 December 2022).
Alinčić, A., Hrabar, D., Jakovac-Lozić, D., Korač Graovac, A. (2007) Obiteljsko pravo. III. Izminjeno i dopunjeno izdanje. Zagreb: Narodne novine.
Baxter, D. T. (2019) ‘Child Marriage as Constitutional Violation’, 19 Nevada Law Journal 39, University of Tennessee Legal Studies Research Paper No. 340, pp. 39-84; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3126346.
Beker, K. (2019) ‘Regional report on compliance with UN Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention) relating to discrimination of Roma women in the area of healthcare, child marriages and offering support and protection to Roma women in cases of domestic violence’, (Beograd: Biblija Roma Women Center) [Online]. Available at: https://eca.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Field%20Office%20ECA/Attachments/Publications/2019/10/Regional%20Report%20on%20discrimination%20of%20Roma%20women%20English.pdf (Accessed: 14 January 2023).
Bish, J. (2021) ‘Is child marriage still happening. Know the facts?’ Population Media Center, [Online]. Available at: https://www.populationmedia.org/blog/is-child-marriage-still-happening-know-the-facts?utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&utm_campaign=CP+Website+Traffic+8/30/22&utm_term=&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=dsa-397218976709&hsa_mt=&hsa_acc=7272581478&hsa_grp=141063795495&hsa_ad=619242744670&hsa_kw=&hsa_cam=18214486949&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gclid=CjwKCAiAheacBhB8EiwAItVO298MzWcHQdivpUT6Ilw3xGfV7Gzm_sUhuubXvxVYO3KAOHHm6kaUvRoC4ywQAvD_BwE (Accessed: 11 January 2023).
Chalasani, S., Maksud, N., Cappa, C., Finnie, A., Casey, J. (2021) ‘Tracking Progress and Sharing Learning: Data and Evidence Dissemination as a Critical Contribution to Ending Child Marriage’, Journal of Adolescent Health, 69(6), pp. S6-S7; http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.07.032.
Deane, T. (2021) ‘Marrying Young: Limiting the Impact of a Crisis on the High Prevalence of Child Marriages in Niger’, Laws, 10(3), p. 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/ laws10030061.
Draghici, C. (2015) ECHR: Right to marry. Insight, City University of London Institutional Repository, [Online]. Available at: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/6097/1/Draghici_Westlaw_Right%20to%20marry.pdf (Accessed: 6 January 2023).
Ebobrah, S., Eboibi, F. (2017) ‘Federalism and the challenge of applying international human rights law against child marriage in Africa’, Journal of African Law, 61(3), pp. 333-354; https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021855317000195.
Efevbera, Y., Bhabha, J. (2020) ‘Defining and deconstructing girl child marriage and applications to global public health’, BMC Public Health, 20, p. 1547; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09545-0.
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) (2014) Addressing forced marriage in the EU: legal provisions and promising practices. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Gray, A. (2016) These are the countries where child marriage is legal, [Online]. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/09/these-are-the-countries-where-child-marriage-is-legal/ (Accessed: 24 January 2023).
Koski, A., Heymann, J. (2018) ‘Child marriage in the United States: how common is the practice, and which children are at greatest risk?’ Perspect Sex Reprod Health, 50(2), pp. 59–65; https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12055.
Kraljić, S. (2019) Družinski zakoni s komentarjem. 1. izd. Maribor: Poslovna založba MB.
Kraljić, S., Kežmah, U., Čujovič, M. (ured.) (2022) Zakon o nepravdnem postopku s komentarjem. 1. izd. Maribor: Založba WD.
Narat, T., Lebar, L., Kovač, N., Kobal Tomc, B., Brumen, N., Djoković, N., Jevšek, L., Košenina, V. (2014) Prisilne poroke romskih deklic – končno poročilo. Ljubljana: Inštitut Republike Slovenije za socialno varstvo [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.si/assets/vladne-sluzbe/UN/SIFOROMA-3/Prisilne-poroke-romskih-deklic.pdf (Accessed: 13 January 2023).
Novak, B. (2017) Družinsko pravo. 2. Izdaja. Ljubljana: Uradni list RS.
Sen Nag, O. (2017) ‘Child Marriage - Rationale, Historical Views, And Consequences’, World Atlas, [Online]. Available at: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/child-marriage-rationale-historical-views-and-consequences.html (Accessed: 12 December 2022).
UNFPA (2012) Marrying too Young. New York: UNFPA, [Online]. Available at: https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/MarryingTooYoung.pdf (Accessed: 20 January 2023).
UNICEF (2001) ‘Early Marriage – Child Spouses’, Inocenti Digest, No. 7, March 2001, Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre.
UNICEF (2018) Child marriage - Latest trends and future prospects. New York: UNICEF.
UNICEF (2022) ‘Child marriages’, [Online]. Available at: https://www.unicef.org/protection/child-marriage (Accessed: 21 November 2022).
United Nations – General Assembly (2014) Preventing and eliminating child, early and forced marriage - Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, A/HRC/26/22, [Online]. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session26/Documents/A-HRC-26-22_en.doc (Accessed: 7 January 2023).
United Nations (2016) Protecting children from harmful practices in plural legal systems with a special emphasis on Africa. New York: United Nations, [Online]. Available at: https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/sites/violenceagainstchildren.un.org/files/documents/publications/5._protecting_children_from_harmful_practices_low_res.pdf (Accessed: 15 January 2023).
United Nations (no date) Universal Declaration on Human rights, [Online]. Available at: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights (Accessed: 15 January 2023).
