Fizikai egészség és jóllétérzés 1-es típusú cukorbeteg gyermekeknél és serdülőknél

Abstract

The primary goal of treating type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents is to optimize metabolic control and improve long-term quality of life. The aim of the study is to evaluate the physical health and well-being of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and compare them to their healthy peers. An additional aim of the study is to identify factors influencing glycemic control. Anthropometric characteristics, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and health-related quality of life were assessed in 236 children aged 8-18, of whom 106 had type 1 diabetes (50% boys). Quality of life was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory general module, while cardiorespiratory fitness was determined based on maximum oxygen consumption from the 20-meter progressive shuttle run test. Physical activity levels were assessed via questionnaire. There was no significant difference in body composition (skinfold thickness and BMI z-score) between children and adolescents with and without diabetes. The two groups were also similar in terms of physical activity level and overall quality of life. However, children with diabetes exhibited poorer cardiorespiratory fitness compared to the control group. Among the factors influencing glycemic control, only maximum oxygen consumption proved to be a significant explanatory factor. Children with diabetes live a quality of life similar to that of their healthy peers. Despite no differences in body composition and physical activity levels, their VO_2max indicated poorer cardiorespiratory fitness. Physical fitness was a determinant of glycemic control in children with diabetes. Regular aerobic exercise is an effective intervention for achieving and maintaining optimal glycemic control, thereby improving the clinical condition of patients.

Keywords: adolescents, children, glycemic control, health-related quality of life, physical activity, physical fitness, type 1 diabetes