Legalitással szabályozott moralitás: pszichológiai viselkedésirányítás, a nudge mozgalom és kritikája
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32980/MJSz.2025.1.96Kulcsszavak:
legalitás és moralitás, pszichológiai viselkedésirányítás, nudge mozgalom, attitűdváltozás, kognitív disszonancia, szegregáció eltörlése, viselkedésváltozás, jog és pszichológiaAbsztrakt
A tanulmány a legalitás és moralitás közötti bonyolult kapcsolatot vizsgálja, különös tekintettel a pszichológiai viselkedésirányításra és a nudge mozgalomra. Az egyre bonyolódó társadalmi térben a közösségi cselekvéskoordináció egyre fontosabb, így a viselkedés befolyásolására irányuló módszerek egyre nagyobb figyelmet kapnak, különösen a jogi és politikai szférában. E tanulmány azt is bemutatja, milyen lehetőségek vannak a zöld viselkedésalapú szabályozásban, így hogyan lehet a normákat, az alapértelmezett beállítást és az egyszerűsítést alkalmazni a fenntartható gazdaságra való áttérésben. A tanulmány kitér a pszichológiai viselkedésirányítás kritikáira is, így különösen arra, ezek a technikák a strukturális reformokat nem tudják helyettesíteni, azokba integráltan kell alkalmazni a választástervezés szemléletmódját. Az 1954-es szegregáció eltörlésének példáján keresztül bemutatja azt is, hogy a jogi szabályozás lehet a társadalmi változások motorja, a cselekvési környezet átalakítása révén. Roscoe Pound jogszociológiai szemléletével szemben Elliot Aronson szociálpszichológus azt állítja, hogy nem az attitűd változtatja meg a viselkedést, hanem fordítva: a viselkedés változása idézi elő az attitűdök átalakulását. Aronson kognitív disszonancia elméletét alkalmazva a tanulmány rávilágít arra is, hogy az emberek viselkedésük megváltoztatása révén kényszerülnek átértékelni előítéleteiket és hiedelmeiket.
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