Analysis of Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Carbonic Anhydrase

Authors

  • Saeed Talei University of Miskolc, Institute of Chemistry
  • Rachid Hadjadj University of Miskolc, Institute of Chemistry
  • Péter Mizsey University of Miskolc, Institute of Chemistry
  • Michael C. Owen University of Miskolc, Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32974/mse.2022.011

Keywords:

carbon anhydrase, MD simulation, RMSD, SASA, carbon dioxide

Abstract

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation is a computational method for analyzing the physical movements of atoms and molecules allowed to interact for a fixed duration of time. In this study, the thermal stability of carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the reaction of water and carbon dioxide, was investigated. Our simulations were performed in a box of water at four different temperatures, 300 K, 310 K, 320 K, and 330 K. The duration of each simulation was 100 ns, and thereafter the hydrogen bonds, Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA), as well as Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) were analyzed. Moreover, cluster analysis was done to identify representative structures at each temperature. The results showed that changing the temperature did not significantly impact the number of hydrogen bonds. The SASA had more fluctuation when the temperature increased. Moreover, the higher the temperature of the simulation was, the more clusters were obtained. The higher number of clusters indicates higher conformational flexibility and less-stable conformers forming during the simulation.

References

D. Keilin and T. Mann: Carbonic anhydrase. Purification and nature of the enzyme. Biochemical Journal, Vol. 34, No. 8–9, p. 1163, 1940.

J. R. G. Bradfield: Plant carbonic anhydrase. Nature, Vol. 159, No. 4040, pp. 467–468, 1947.

K. Okabe, S. Y. Yang, M. Tsuzuki, and S. Miyachi: Carbonic anhydrase: Its content in spinach leaves and its taxonomic diversity studied with anti-spinach leaf carbonic anhydrase antibody. Plant Sci. Lett., Vol. 33, No. 2, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4211(84)90004-X

M. Tsuzuki, S. Miyachi, and G. E. Edwards: Localization of carbonic anhydrase in mesophyll cells of terrestrial C3 plants in relation to CO2 assimilation. Plant Cell Physiol., Vol. 26, No. 5, 1985, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076983

R. J. DiMario, J. C. Quebedeaux, D. J. Longstreth, M. Dassanayake, M. M. Hartman, and J. v Moroney: The cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrases β CA2 and β CA4 are required for optimal plant growth at low CO2. Plant Physiol., Vol. 171, No. 1, pp. 280–293, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.01990.

N. A. Khan: Variation in carbonic anhydrase activity and its relationship with photosynthesis and dry mass of mustard. Photosynthetica, Vol. 30, No. 2, 1994, pp. 145–147, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02879650

N. L. Reed: Carbonic anhydrase in plants: distribution, properties and possible physiological roles. 1981. In Progress in Phytochemistry, L. Reinhold, J.B. Harborne, and T. Swain, eds. (Oxford, U.K.: Pergammon Press), pp. 47–94.

L. Bao and M. C. Trachtenberg: Facilitated transport of CO2 across a liquid membrane: comparing enzyme, amine, and alkaline. J. Memb. Sci., Vol. 280, No. 1–2, pp. 330–334, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.01.036

A. S. Bhown and B. C. Freeman: Analysis and status of post-combustion carbon dioxide capture technologies. Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 45, No. 20, pp. 8624–8632, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1021/es104291d

G. M. Bond, J. Stringer, D. K. Brandvold, F. A. Simsek, M.-G. Medina, and G. Egeland: Development of integrated system for biomimetic CO2 sequestration using the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 309–316, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef000246p

J. F. Domsic and R. McKenna: Sequestration of carbon dioxide by the hydrophobic pocket of the carbonic anhydrases. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics, Vol. 1804, No. 2, pp. 326–331, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.07.025

A. Gladis, M. T. Gundersen, P. L. Fosbøl, J. M. Woodley, and N. von Solms: Influence of temperature and solvent concentration on the kinetics of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in carbon capture technology. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 309, pp. 772–786, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.10.056

M. J. Abraham et al.: GROMACS: High performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers. SoftwareX, Vol. 1, pp. 19–25, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2015.06.001

Y. Mao and Y. Zhang: Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of nanobubble growth and annihilation in liquid water. Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 79–91, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567265.2012.760692

X. Daura, K. Gademann, B. Jaun, D. Seebach, W. F. van Gunsteren, and A. E. Mark: Peptide folding: when simulation meets experiment. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 38, No. 1–2, pp. 236–240, 1999.

S. Ausaf Ali, I. Hassan, A. Islam, and F. Ahmad: A review of methods available to estimate solvent-accessible surface areas of soluble proteins in the folded and unfolded states. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci., Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 456–476, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203715666140327114232

A. M. Lesk and C. Chothia: Solvent accessibility, protein surfaces, and protein folding. Biophys. J., Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 35–47, 1980. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(80)84914-9

S. Lu and A. S. Wagaman: On methods for determining solvent accessible surface area for proteins in their unfolded state. BMC Res. Notes, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1–7, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-7-602

J. Arunachalam and N. Gautham: Hydrophobic clusters in protein structures. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, Vol. 71, No. 4, pp. 2012–2025, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.21881

Downloads

Published

2023-11-05

How to Cite

Talei, S., Hadjadj, R., Mizsey, P., & Owen, M. C. (2023). Analysis of Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Carbonic Anhydrase. Hungarian Materials and Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 47(1), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.32974/mse.2022.011

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)