Use of Generative AI

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) do not satisfy our authorship criteria; therefore, an AI cannot be listed as an author or co-author. Authorship carries with it accountability for the work, which cannot be effectively applied to LLMs.

The AI technology must not be used to replace the author’s core intellectual contributions. Authors may only use generative AI, AI-assisted technologies, and LLMs to improve readability and language, refine academic tone, correct grammar and punctuation, summarize key findings from research papers, identify seminal works or related sources for the literature review and assist in data organization. Applying the technology must be done with full human oversight and control.

Authors must disclose the use of any AI tools for manuscript preparation (or the lack thereof) in a separate declaration statement both on the Title Page and within the manuscript itself upon submission, and the statement will appear in the published work. Authors must document their use of AI, including the name of the AI tool used, the specific purpose of its use, and the extent of their human oversight.

In the manuscript, this declaration should be placed above the References section, using one of the following templates:

Generative AI Declaration Statement

If AI was not used:

"The author(s) declare(s) that no generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools or services were used in the research, writing, analysis, or any other aspect of this work."

If AI was used:

"During the preparation of this manuscript, the author(s) used [NAME OF TOOL/SERVICE] for the purpose of [SPECIFY PURPOSE]. The author(s) subsequently reviewed and edited the content as necessary, maintained full human oversight of the process, and assume full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the published work."

Example1:

During the preparation of this manuscript, the author(s) used ChatGPT for the purpose of refining the academic tone, correcting grammar, and improving the overall flow of the text. The author(s) subsequently reviewed and edited the content as necessary and assume full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the published work.

Example 2:

During the preparation of this manuscript, the author(s) used Gemini for the purpose of summarizing key findings from multiple research papers (including Reinhart & Rogoff, 2010) and identifying related sources for the literature review. The author(s) subsequently reviewed and edited the content as necessary and assume full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the published work.

Example 3:

During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used CoPilot for the purpose of proofreading the manuscript and correcting grammar and punctuation. Additionally, the author(s) used Connected Papers in order to identify seminal works and related sources for the literature review (including Mokyr, 2016). The author(s) subsequently reviewed and edited the content as necessary and assume full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the published work.