How Did Reciprocity Evolve in Online Communication? Turnout of Reciprocal Altruism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18096/TMP.2020.02.11Keywords:
Altruism, Reciprocity, Knowledge Sharing, Social CommunityAbstract
Why do we help strangers on the Internet? Sharing our experience, knowledge, or information does not involve a large investment of energy, yet users often expect to be rewarded for sharing their personal resources. Economics and other disciplines call this type of exchange reciprocal altruism. The present research introduces different types of altruism and then deals with reciprocal altruism. It describes how this form of selflessness can appear in social media. The aim of the research is to create an overview of Hungarian and international research, which is the first step of a long-term, comprehensive research project.
References
BERECZKEI, T. (2003). Evolutionary psychology. Budapest: Osiris Kiadó.
BERECZKEI, T. (2009). The nature of virtue. Budapest: Typotex Kiadó.
BOURDIEU, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson, Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (pp. 241-258). New York: Greenwood Press.
CHANG, H. H., & CHUANG, S.-S. (2011). Social Capital and Individual Motivations on Knowledge Sharing: Participant. Information & Management, 48(1), 9-18. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2010.11.001
CONNOLLY, A. (2012). Volunteering 2.0: How online social networks motivate volunteer retention. University of South Florida. ICIS 2012 Proceedings. Tampa, FL: Curran Associates.
COONEY, R. (2017, 10 12). Facebook to facilitate donating from social media pages. Retrieved from ThirdSector: https://www.thirdsector.co.uk/facebook-facilitate-donating-social-media-pages/fundraising/article/1444366
DAVENPORT, T. H., & PRUSAK, L. (1998). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Brighton: Harvard Business Press.
DAWKINS, R. (1989). The Selfish Gene. New York: Oxford University Press.
EDDLESTON, K. A., & KELLERMANNS, F. W. (2007). Destructive and Productive Family Relationships: A Stewardship Theory Perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 545-565. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.06.004
EVANS, D., ROBERTSON, N., LIVELY, T., JACOBSON, L., LLAMAS-CENDON, M., ISAZA, H., . . . MICHAEL MARTIN, K. (2012). Facebook’s 8 fundamental hooks and 6 basic user types: A psychographic segmentation. The Four Peaks Review, 2, 36-54. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/fpr.v2i1.13914
FACEBOOK. (2020, 05 25). Raise money and awareness for your cause on Facebook. Retrieved from Facebook Social Good: https://socialgood.fb.com/
GOFFMAN, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Scotland: Doubleday.
GOLOVICS, J. (2015). Bounded Rationality and Altruism: Behaviorism in Economics. Hitelintézeti Szemle, 14(2), 158-172. Retrieved from http://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/25284
HAMILTON, W. D. (1963). The evolution of altruistic behavior. The American Naturalist, 97(6), 354-356. https://doi.org/10.1086/497114 Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2458473 .
HAMILTON, W. D. (1964). The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour I. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7(1), 1-16. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4
HÁMORI, B. (1994). Economic Temperature - Extension of preferences and interrelated benefits. Közgazdasági Szemle, 6, 510-528.
HÁMORI, B. (2003). The economics of emotion. Budapest: Kossuth Kiadó.
HASKI-LEVENTHAL, D. (2009). Altruism and Volunteerism: The perceptions of altruism in four disciplines and their impact on the study of volunteerism. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 39(3), 271-299. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2009.00405.x
HEIDEGGER, M. (2010). Being and Time. Albany: State University of New York Press.
HSU, C.-L., & LIN, J. C.-C. (2008). Acceptance of blog usage: The roles of technology acceptance, social influence and knowledge sharing motivation. Information & Management, 45(1), 65-74. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2007.11.001
HUBERT, J. (2016). The role of social networks in sales. Debrecen: Debreceni Egyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar.
KAPLAN, A. M., & HAENLEIN, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizona, 53(1), 59-68. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
KARAJZ, S. (2018). Possibilities of modeling altruistic behavior. Stratégiai füzetek, 15(1), 82-91.
KIETZMANN, J. H., HERMKENS, K., MCCARTHY, I. P., & SILVESTRE, B. S. (2011). Social Media? Get Serious! Understanding the Functional Building Blocks of Social Media. Business Horizons, 54(3), 241-251. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.005
KILLIAN, V. A. (2013). Three perspectives of relationships in a social media context. Georgia: The University of Georgia.
KLISANIN, D. (2011). Is the Internet Giving Rise to New Forms of Altruism? Media Psychology Review, 3(1), 1-11.
KSH. (2018). Digital Economy and Society. Budapest: Hungarian Central Statistical Office.
MA, W. W., & CHAN, A. (2014). Knowledge sharing and social media: Altruism, perceived onlineattachment motivation, and perceived online relationship commitment. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 51-58. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.06.015
MARKOS-KUJBUS, É., & GÁTI, M. (2012). Social media as an online strategic tool. Miskolc: Magyar Marketing Szövetség Marketing Oktatók Klubja 18. Országos Konferencia.
MEJOVA, Y., GARIMELLA, V., WEBER, I., & DOUGAL, M. (2014). Giving is caring: understanding donation behavior through. Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing, 1297-1307. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1145/2531602.2531611
MICHALSKI, J. H. (2003). Financial Altruism or Unilateral Resource Exchanges? Toward a Pure Sociology of Welfare. Sociological Theory, 21(4), 341-358. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-9558.2003.00193.x Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/1602330
NMHH. (2020, May 26). Consumer Survey of the Electronic Communications Market, 2019 - Internet Survey. Retrieved from National Media and Infocommunications Authority: http://nmhh.hu/cikk/212533/Az_elektronikus_hirkozlesi_piac_fogyasztoinak_vizsgalata_2019__internetes_felmeres
O'REILLY, T. (2007). What is Web 2.0: Design patterns and business models for the next generation of software. Communication & Strategies, 65(1), 17-37. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/4580
PEE, L. G. (2017). Altruistic knowledge sharing in online communities. (pp. 844-846). Bongpyeong, Korea: 19th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT). https://doi.org/10.23919/ICACT.2017.7890212 Retrieved from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7890212
PILIAVIN, J. A., & CHARNG, H.-W. (1990). Altruism: A Review of Recent Theory and Research. Annual Review of Sociology, 16(25), 27-65. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.16.080190.000331
PINKER, S. (2009). How the Mind Works. New York: WW Norton & Co. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400831296-033
QI, Y., MONOD, E., FANG, B., & DENG, S. (2018). Theories of Social Media: Philosophical Foundations. Engineering, 4(1), 94-102. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2018.02.009
RUTTE, C., & PFEIFFER, T. (2009). Evolution of reciprocal altruism by copying observed behaviour. Current Science, 97(11), 1573-1578. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/24107297
SAMUELSON, P. (1993). Altruism as a Problem Involving Group versus Individual Selection in Economics and Biology. American Economic Review, 83(2), 143-148. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117655
SARTRE, J. P. (2007). Existentialism Is a Humanism. US: Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300242539
SHIAU, W.-L., & CHAU, P. Y. (2015). Does altruism matter on online group buying? Perspectives from egotistic and altruistic motivation. Information Technology & People, 28(3), 677-698. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-08-2014-0174
STEPHENS, C. (1996). Modelling Reciprocal Altruism. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 47(4), 533-551. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/47.4.533
TIL, V. J. (1988). Mapping the Third Sector: Voluntarism in a Change Social Economy. New York: The Foundation Center.
TRIVERS, R. L. (1971). The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 46(1), 35-57. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1086/406755
ÚJHELYI, A. (2014). The social psychology of Facebook. Alkalmazott Pszichológia, 113-132.
UNITED NATIONS FOUNDATION. (2020, 05 25). Help Fight Coronavirus. Retrieved from COVID-19 Response Fund: https://covid19responsefund.org/en/
VAN DER LINDEN, S. (2017). The nature of viral altruism and how to make it stick. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(42), 1-3. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-016-0041
WEST, S. A., GRIFFIN, A. S., & GARDNER, A. (2006). Social semantics: altruism, cooperation, mutualism, strong reciprocity and group selection. Evolutionary Biology, 21(1), 415-432. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01396.x.
WILSON, K., FORNASIER, S., & WHITE, K. (2010). Psychological predictors of young adults’ use of social networking sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 13(2), 173-177. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0094