Regional Specialization and Geographic Concentration of Economic Sectors in the Visegrád Countries
Keywords:
specialization, concentration, industrialization, Krugman Dissimilation index, Herfindahl-Hirschman indexAbstract
As a result of transformational recession, the mono-structural economy has changed in the Visegrád countries. The transformation process is not yet finished. The new economic structure has been shaped by the concentration of sectors by delocalization, central industry and spatial planning. In this paper the aim was to find an answer to the following question: What kind of sector concentrations and specialized processes took place in the Visegrád countries, which included Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia in connection with reindustrialization and deindustrialization during the years 2000-2007? Due to the macrostructure’s spatial concentration, the regions’ specifications, and the (de)polarization processes of the last few years determined the ability to adapt to the economic crisis. The regional specialization and concentration processes of the Visegrád countries will be compared using various kinds of indicators (absolute and relative concentration), and special attention is paid to regional analysis within Hungary. The research questions are: after the political change of regime, where and what type of sector or industry concentration has been established in the examined countries? Is it possible to say that some specialization or concentration is disadvantagous to economic growth? The difference between regional specialization and concentration and the terms related to industrialization are also clarified.
References
AIGINGER, K. (1999): Do Industrial Structures Converge? A survey on the empirical literature on specialisation and concentration of industries, WIFO working paper No. 116,
AIGINGER, K. (2004): Industrial specialisation and geographic concentration: two sides of the same coin?, Journal of Applied Economics, Vol.VII, No. 2,
BEINE, M. - COULOMBE, S.(2004): Economic integration and regional industrial specialization patterns: new evidence from the Canadian-U.S. FTA experience, paper prepared for the Meeting of Canadian Economics Association, 2004.
BOTOS, B. (2010): Az iparpolitika metamorfózisa (Metamorphosis of industrial policy). L’Harmattan kiadó, Zsigmond Király Főiskola. pp. 313
BRÜLHART, M. (1995a): Scale economies, intra-industry trade and industry location in the new trade theory, Trinity Economic Papers, No. 95/4
BRÜLHART, M. (1995b): Industrial specialisation in the European Union: A test of the new trade theory. Trinity Economic Paper Series Technical Paper No. 95/5
BRÜLHART, M. (1998): Trading places: Industrial Specialisation in the European Union. Journal of Common Market Studies
CEAPRAZ I. L. (2008): The concepts of specialisation and spatial concentration and the process of economic integration: theoretical relevance and statistical measures. The case of Romania’s regions. Romanian Journal of Regional Science. The Joournal of the Romanian Regional Science Association. Vol. 2 No. 1, Summer
CHESHIRE, P. (1990): Explanation the Recent Performance of the European Community’s Major Urban Regions. – Urban Studies, 3: 311–333.
CLARK, C. (1940): The Conditions of Economic Progress. London: MacMillan & Co.
CSÉFALVAY Z., CSIZMADIA N. & CSORDÁS L. (2005): A magyar települések és kistérségek versenyképessége. (Competitiveness of Hungarian settlements and micro-regions) : Kistérségek versenyképessége és a globális hálózatok. Polgári Szemle (6-7) pp. 68-76.
ENYEDI Gy. (1996): Regionális folyamatok Magyarországon az átmenet időszakában (Regional trends in Hungary during the transition period). Hilscher Rezső Szociálipolitikai Egyesület, Budapest
FISCHER, M. & NIJKAMP P. (1999): Spatial Dynamics of European Integration, Berlin/New York, Springer
FUJITA, M. - KRUGMAN, P. & VENABLES, A. (1999): The Spatial Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
GOSCHIN Z., CSIZMADIA N. & CSORDÁS L. (2009): Regional specialisation and geographic concentration of industries in Romania. South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics 1: 99-113
The Dictionary of Human Geography (2009), Industrialization 380-382 pp, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, West Sussex, United Kingdom
HECKCHER, E. (1919), The Effect of Foreign Trade on Distribution of Income, Economisk Tidskrift, 21, pp. 1-32
HINE, R. C. (1990), Economic Integration and Inter-industry Specialisation, CREDIT Research Paper 89/6, University of Nottingham.
HORVÁTH Gy. (1998): Európai regionális politika (European regional policy). Dialóg Campus Kiadó, Budapest & Pécs.
JENEY L. & SZABÓ P. (2001): A magyar ipar a specializációs és koncentrációs indexek tükrében az 1990-es években (The Hungarian industry specialization and concentration indices in the light of the 1990's). A Magyar Földrajzi Konferencia tudományos közleményei. CD-ROM. szTh TTK, Szeged.
JOHNSON, C. (1984): The Idea of Industrial Policy. In. Johnson, C. (Ed.), The industrial Policy Debate, San Franciso, Institute for Contemporary Studies
KISS, É. (2010): Területi szerkezetváltás a magyar iparban 1989 után (Territorial restructuring of the Hungarian industry after 1989). Dialóg Kiadó, Budapest-Pécs
KRUGMAN, P. (1991): Geography and Trade. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
KRUGMAN, P. (1994): Competitiveness: A dangerous obsession. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 3., 1994 No. 2. 28-44 pp.
KRUGMAN, P. (1998): What’s new about the new economic geography?, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 14, p. 7-17
KUTTOR D. & HEGYI-KÉRI Á. (2012): Additions to the industrial restructuring of sectoral and geographical dimension of the study of Central and Eastern Europe, MicroCad International Conference,83pp, Miskolc
LUX G. (2009): Az ipar hagyományos terei: a régi ipari térségek. (The industry standard spaces of the old industrial regions) Tér és Társadalom. 23(4): 45-60.
MCCANN, P. ( 2001): Urban and Regional Economics. Oxford University Press.
MOLLE, W. (1997): The economics of European integration: Theory, practice, policy, in K. Peschel (Ed.) Regional growth and regional policy within the framework of European integration, Heidelberg Physica Verlag, , pp. 66-86
NELSON, R. R. (1999:The agenda for growth: a different perspective. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 22: 497-520.
NEMES NAGY J. (Ed.) (1977): Regionális gazdaságföldrajzi gyakorlatok (Regional economic geography exercises). Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest.
OHLIN, B. (1933) Interregional and international trade, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
RÉDEI, M. (2001): Regionális specializáció. (Regional specialisation) A Magyar Földrajzi Konferencia 2001. október 25-27. p. 152-175. CD kiadás.
RICARDO, D. (1817): On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1971 edition), Penguin, Harmondsworth
SCHUMPETER, J.A. (1950): March into Socialism, In: American Economic Review XL (May), pp. 446-456
SZALAVETZ A. (2007) Műszaki fejlődés és tőkeintenzitás (Technical progress and capital intensity) In: Közgazdasági Szemle, LIV. évf., február pp. 184–198
SZALAVETZ A. (2008): A szolgáltatási szektor és a gazdasági fejlődés.(The service sector and economic development) Közgazdasági Szemle, LV. évf., 2008. június. pp. 503-521
TAKÁCS Z. (2003): The phenomenon of industrial degradation of some foreign examples in North Hungary's economic situation from 1990 to 2001. In: Tóth I. J. (Ed.), Magyar Kereskedelmi és Iparkamara Gazdaság- és Vállalkozáselemzési Intézet, Budapest., 2003. pp. 13-26
TRAISTARU, I. (2000): Specialisation patterns and industrial location in Europe and North America: measurement issues and evidence. PHARE ACE Project, Discussion Paper
VEBLEN, THORSTEIN B. (1898): Why is economics not an evolutionary science? Quartely Journal of Economics, 12(3), 373-97; reprinted in Veblen (1919).
