Linking smart city concepts to urban resilience
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18096/TMP.2021.01.04Keywords:
resilience, smart city, adaptation, Hungary, economic successAbstract
In this study, ten cities from the Visegrád countries are compared applying cross-sectional data (from the year 2015). After the standardization process of the involved 11 indicators, their adaptive capacity is measured by resilient index that we developed and a rank is created. This index is formed by three components (demographic, social-economic and spatial-environmental resilience components). Significant differences were revealed related to the adaptive capacity of the examined settlements. In spite of the fact that the capitals of the Visegrád countries are the most resilient cities from an economic perspective, their results are around or below the average regarding their demographic and spatial-environmental components. This indicates that the economic success of a city does not necessarily imply greater resilience: being an economically successful city is a necessary but not sufficient condition for being a resilient city.
References
BĂNICĂ, A., MUNTELE, I. (2017). Urban transitions and resilience of Eastern European Union cities. Eastern Journal of European Studies, 8 (2), 45-69.
BEYER, L., CHAUDHURI, J., KAGIMA, B. (2016). Kenya’s focus on urban vulnerability and resilience in the midst of urban transitions in Nairobi. Development Southern Africa, 33 (1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1115739
BIZJAN, B. (2014). Smart Cities in Europe. An Overview of Existing Projects and Good Practices. Smart Cities Conference.
BRISTOW, G., HEALY, A. (2018). Innovation and regional economic resilience: an exploratory analysis. The Annals of Regional Science, 60, 265-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-017-0841-6
BULKELEY, H., TUTS, R. (2013). Understanding urban vulnerability, adaptation and resilience in the context of climate change. Local Environment, 18 (6), 646-662. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2013.788479
BUZÁSI, A. (2017). Klímaváltozáshoz való alkalmazkodás és fenntarthatóság városi területeken. PhD thesis. Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem,
CHONG B. (2020): Five city resilience lessons from the coronavirus. https://www.arup.com/perspectives/five-city-resilience-lessons-from-coronavirus
CITY RESILIENCE INDEX (2019). https://cityresilienceindex.org/#/
COHEN, B. (2014). Estudio Ranking de Ciudades Inteligentes en Chile. http://dg6223fhel5c2.cloudfront.net/PD/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Ranking-Ciudades-Inteligentes-en-Chile.pdf
COMPOSITE RESILIENCE INDEX. https://theresilienceindex.weebly.com/our-solution.html
CZECH STATISTICAL OFFICE (2018). Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic – 2018. https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/statistical-yearbook-of-the-czech-republic-2018
DIAN CS., PONGRÁCZ R., INCZE D., BARTHOLY J., TALAMON A. (2019): Analysis of the Urban Heat Island Intensity Based on air Temperature Measurements in a Renovated Part of Budapest (Hungary). Geographica Pannonica 27 (8), 277-288. https://doi.org/10.5937/gp23-23839
DROBNIAK A. (2017): Economic resilience and hybridization of development –A case of the Central European Regions. Regional Statistics 7 (1), 043–062. https://doi.org/10.15196/RS07103
ENYEDI, G. (1997). A sikeres város. Tér és Társadalom, 11(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.17649/TET.11.4.446
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2019). Urban and territorial dashboard. https://urban.jrc.ec.europa.eu/#/en/my-place
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2015). Quality of Life in European Cities 2015. Urban Audit Perception Survey. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/urban/survey2015_en.pdf
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT (2014). Mapping Smart Cities in Europe Directorate General for Internal Policies. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/507480/IPOL-ITRE_ET(2014)507480_EN.pdf
EUROSTAT (2019). Database. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
FAO (2019). Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis (RIMA). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/resilience/background/tools/rima/en/
FM GLOBAL (2019). 2019 Resilience Index Annual Report. https://www.fmglobal.com/research-and-resources/tools-and-resources/resilienceindex
GIFFINGER, R., PICHLER-MILANOVIC, N. (2007). Smart Cities: Ranking of European Medium-Sized Cities. Vienna University of Technology, University of Ljubljana and Delft University of Technology. http://www.smart-cities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf
GUTERRES A. (2020): Messages from the UN Secretary General and UN-Habitat Executive Director. https://urbanoctober.unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2020-10/cities2020.pdf
HAJDUK, S. (2016). Selected Aspects of Measuring Performance of Smart Cities in Spatial Management. 9th International Scientific Conference “Business and Management 2016”. Conference paper, Vilnius. https://doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.57
INC (2019). Inc. 5000 Europe 2016. https://www.inc.com/inc5000eu/list/2015/
KHAN, J., LABONTÉ, O. (2017). Urban tech sector growth drives economic resilience: Examining Resilience in the Toronto Tech Ecosystem. Economic Development Journal, 16 (2), 54-62.
KITSOS, A., BISHOP, P. (2018). Economic resilience in Great Britain: the crisis impact and its determining factors for local authority districts. The Annals of Regional Science, 60, 329-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-016-0797-y
KOLA-BEZKA, M., CZUPICH, M., IGNASIAK-SZULC, A. (2016). Smart Cities in Central and Eastern Europe: Viable Future or Unfulfilled Dream? Journal of International Studies, 9 (1), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2016/9-1/6
LADOS, M. (2011). „Smart Cities” tanulmány. IBM, MTA Regionális Kutatások Központja, Győr, Nyugat-magyarországi Tudományos Intézet, 119.
MARTIN R., GARDINER B. (2019): The resilience of cities to economic shocks: A tale of four recessions (and the challenge of Brexit). Papers in Regional Science 98, 1801-1832. https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12430
MEEROW, S., NEWELL, J. P., STULTS, M. (2016). Defining urban resilience: A review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 147, 38-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011
MUGGAH, R. (2012). Researching the Urban Dilemma: Urbanization, Poverty and Violence. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada. https://www.idrc.ca/sites/default/files/sp/Images/Researching-the-Urban-Dilemma-Baseline-study.pdf (Last download: 2018. 01. 29.)
NAGY, Z., TÓTH, G., SZENDI, D. (2016). Opportunities for Adaptation of the Smart City Concept – A Regional Approach. Theory, Methodology, Practice, 12, 87–93. https://doi.org/10.18096/TMP.2016.02.08
NAGY, Z., SEBESTYÉNNÉ SZÉP, T., SZENDI, D. (2018). Smart cityk teljesítménye a visegrádi országokban. Erdélyi társadalom, 16 (1), https://doi.org/10.17177/77171.208
OECD (2020): Cities policy responses. OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/cities-policy-responses-fd1053ff/
PIRISI, G. (2019). A reziliencia lehetséges értelmezése a településföldrajzi kutatásokban. Tér és Társdalom, 33 (2), 62-81.http://doi.org/10.17649/TET.33.2.3080
RICHTER, C., KRAUS, S., SYRJÄ, P. (2015). The Smart City as an Opportunity for Entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 7 (3), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2015.071481
SAVILLS RESILIENT CITIES INDEX https://www.savills.com/impacts/market-trends/savills-top-global-cities.html
SEBESTYÉNNÉ SZÉP T., SZENDI D., NAGY Z., TÓTH G. (2020): A gazdasági reziliencia és a városhálózaton belüli centralitás közötti összefüggések vizsgálata. Területi Statisztika 60 (3), 352-369. https://doi.org/10.15196/TS600303
STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC (2019). Regional Statistical Yearbook of Slovakia 2018. https://slovak.statistics.sk/
STATISTICS POLAND, CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE (2016). Statistical yearbook of the regions – Poland 2016. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/statistical-yearbooks/statistical-yearbooks/statistical-yearbook-of-the-regions-poland-2016,4,11.html
SZCZECH, E. (2014). Concept of “Smart City” and Its Practice in Poland. Case Study of Łódź City. REAL CORP 2014 Tagungsband, Ausztria.
SZENDREI, ZS. (2014). Smart city, a jövő városa. BME–Urbanisztika előadásanyag
UN Habitat (2011): The economic role of cities. http://urban-intergroup.eu/wp-content/files_mf/economicroleofcities_unhabitat11.pdf
WANG, Z., DENG, X., WONG, C., LI, Z., CHEN, J. (2018). Learning urban resilience from a social-economic-ecological system perspective: A case study of Beijing from 1978 to 2015. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 343-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.128
WORLD BANK (2016). Investing in urban resilience. Protecting and promoting development in a changing world.
WORLD BANK (2018). Urban Development: Overview. http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview
WEF (2014). The Competitiveness of Cities. A Report of the Global Agenda Council on Competitiveness. World Economic Forum.http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GAC/2014/WEF_GAC_CompetitivenessOfCities_Report_2014.pdf
WEF (2016). Inspiring Future Cities & Urban Services. World Economic Forum http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Urban-Services.pdf
ZHANG, X., LI, H. (2018). Urban resilience and urban sustainability: What we know and what do not know? Cities, 72, 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.009
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
