Cultural Characteristics and the Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students

Authors

  • Zoltán Bartha University of Miskolc
  • Andrea S. Gubik University of Miskolc

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18096/TMP.2017.02.01

Keywords:

Cultural dimensions, entrepreneurial activity, entrepreneurial intentions, GLOBE, GUESSS, OECD

Abstract

The goals of the paper are to analyse the relationship between the cultural dimensions and to investigate the entrepreneurial intentions and activity of university students in 21 selected OECD countries. The analysis was conducted using the GUESSS database, which also includes three cultural dimensions of the GLOBE project. We found that there is a positive correlation between the entrepreneurial intentions of students and In-Group Collectivism. Uncertainty Avoidance does not have a direct effect on entrepreneurial activity of intentions; however, it correlates positively with perceived behavioural control, which has been proved to have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions.

Author Biographies

Zoltán Bartha, University of Miskolc

Associate Professor

Andrea S. Gubik, University of Miskolc

Associate Professor

References

ÁCS, Z., SZERB, L., AUTIO, E. & LLOYD, A. 2016: Global Entrepreneurship Index 2017, GEDI – Global Entrepreneurship Network. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63844-7_3 https://thegedi.org/2017-global-entrepreneurship-index/

AJZEN, I. 1991: The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50(2): 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

AJZEN, I. 2006: Constructing a Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire – Brief Description of the Theory of Planned Behavior. http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/ikg/zick/ajzen%20construction%20a%20tpb%20questionnaire.pdf

AUTIO, E. & WENNBERG, K. 2010: You think, therefore, I become: Social attitudes and the transition to entrepreneurship. Proc. DRUID Summer Conference 2010, Imperial College London Business School, 16–18 June 2010, London. http://www2.druid.dk/conferences/viewpaper.php?id=501642&cf=43

BAKACSI, G. 2008: Kutatási beszámoló a Gazda(g)ság és kultúra – a jövőorientált versenyképesség kulturális meghatározottsága (a GLOBE kutatás alapján) c. T 046897 nylvántartási számú OTKA kutatásról. http://real.mtak.hu/1618/1/46897_ZJ1.pdf (Research report on an OTKA project titled Wealth and culture – cultural determinants of future oriented competitiveness)

BAKACSI, G. 2012: A GLOBE-kutatás kultúraváltozóinak vizsgálata faktoranalízis segítségével (Factor analysis of the culture variables of the GLOBE project). Vezetéstudomány 43(4):12-22. https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2012.04.02

BAUMOL, W. J. 1968: Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory. American Economic Review 58(2): 64-71.

BELIAEVA, T., LASKOVAIA, A. & SHIROKOVA, B. 2015: Entrepreneurial Learning and Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Cross-Cultural Approach. Working Paper #8(E)–2015. Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg University.

DAVIDSSON, P. & WIKLUND, J. 1997: Values, beliefs and regional variations in new firm formation rates. Journal of Economic Psychology 18(2-3): 179-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4870(97)00004-4

DAVIDSSON, P. 1995: Culture, structure and regional levels of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 7(1): 41-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985629500000003

FARKAS, S. & GUBIK, S.A. 2013: A test of the Theory of Planned Behaviour - the cross section of the students' entrepreneurial attitude in Hungary Közgazdász Fórum / Economists Forum 16(115) : 49-64.

FARKAS, S. & GUBIK, S.A. 2016: Entrepreneurship intention and activity of students in Hungary. Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Student’s Survey 2013, National Report, BGE; Budapest Business School University of Applied Sciences; Miskolci Egyetem http://www.guesssurvey.org/resources/nat_2016/GUESSS_Report_2016_Hungary.pdf

GUBIK, S.A. 2015: Understanding Career Aspirations of Hungarian Students In: S.A. Gubik & K. Wach (eds.) Institutional Aspects of Entrepreneurship. Miskolc: University of Miskolc, 2015: 131-150.

GUBIK, S. A. 2016: Magyar egyetemi hallgatók karrierterveinek alakulása és kihatásuk a jövőbeli vállalkozói hajlandóságra (Career plan developments among Hungarian university students, and its impact on future entrepreneurial intentions) . In: Tóth Attiláné, S. Gubik Andrea (eds.) Magyarország 2025-ben és kitekintés 2050-re: Tanulmánykötet Nováky Erzsébet 70. születésnapjára. Arisztotelész Kiadó: 91-102.

HAYTON, J. C., GEORGE, G. & ZAHRA, S. A. 2002: National Culture and Entrepreneurship: A Review of Behavioral Research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 26(4): 33-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870202600403

HOFSTEDE, G. 2001: Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Second Edition. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks CA.

HOUSE, R. J., HANGES, P. J., JAVIDAN, M., DORFMAN P. W. & GUPTA, V. 2004: Culture, Leadership, and Organizations. The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.

KIRZNER, I. M. 1974: Producer, Entrepreneur, and the Right to Property. Reason Papers 1(1): 1-17.

KNIGHT, F. H. 1921: Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. Hart, Schaffner & Marx, Boston.

LACKÉUS, M. 2015: Entrepreneurship in education - what, why, when, how. Background paper, OECD Publishing, Paris

MAZZAROL, T. 2014: Growing and sustaining entrepreneurial ecosystems: What they are and the role of government policy. White Paper, Small Enterprise Association of Australia and New Zealand (SEAANZ)

MCGRATH, R. G., MACMILLAN, I. C., YANG, E. A. & TSAI, W. 1992: Does culture endure, or is it malleable? Issues for entrepreneurial economic development. Journal of Business Venturing 7(6): 441-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(92)90019-N

MEAGER, N., BATES, P., & COWLING, M. 2003. An evaluation of business start-up support for young people. National Institute Economic Review, 186: 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/002795010300100111

MITCHELL, R. K., SMITH, B., SEAWRIGHT, K. W. & MORSE, E. A. 2000: Cross-cultural cognitions and the venture creation decision. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5): 974-993. https://doi.org/10.5465/1556422

MUELLER, S. L., & THOMAS, A. S. 2000: Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing 16(1): 51-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00039-7

SCHUMPETER, J. A. 1934: The Theory of Economic Development - An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle. Harvard Economic Studies 46.

SHANE, S. 1993: Cultural influences on national rates of innovation. Journal of Business Venturing 8(1): 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(93)90011-S

SHANE, S., KOLVEREID, L. & WESTHEAD, P. 1991: An exploratory examination of the reasons leading to new firm formation across country and gender. Journal of Business Venturing, 6: 431-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(91)90029-D

THOMAS, A. S. & MUELLER, S. L. 2000: A case for comparative entrepreneurship: Assessing the relevance of culture. Journal of International Business Studies, 31: 287-301.

THURIK, R. & DEJARDIN, M. 2012: Entrepreneurship and Culture. In: Marco van Gelderen, Enno Masurel: Entrepreneurship in Context, Routledge, 175-186, Routledge Studies in Entrepreneurship

VALERIO, A., PARTON, B. & ROBB, A. 2014: Entrepreneurship Education and Training Programs around the World: Dimensions for Success. The World Bank, Washington DC. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0202-7

VAN STEL, A., CARREE, M. & THURIK, R. 2005: The Effect of Entrepreneurial Activity on National Economic Growth. Small Business Economics 24(3): 311-321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1996-6

ZHAO, X., LI, H. & RAUCH, A. 2012: Cross-Country Differences in Entrepreneurial Activity: The Role of Cultural Practice and National Wealth. Frontiers of Business Research in China 6(4): 447-474.

Downloads

Published

2017-12-15

How to Cite

Bartha, Z., & S. Gubik, A. (2017). Cultural Characteristics and the Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students. Theory, Methodology, Practice – Review of Business and Management, 13(02), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.18096/TMP.2017.02.01

Most read articles by the same author(s)